Stiffness, nerve pain, and reduced flexibility in the neck or back may point to disc damage. While fusion has been the go-to treatment for decades, artificial disc replacement (Artificial Disc Replacement) is emerging as a motion-sparing alternative for many spine disorders. Here's how it works-and why it may be right for certain patients.
Spinal Shock Absorbers: What Spinal Discs Really Do
Spinal discs are the soft, cushion-like structures located between the vertebrae of your spine. They act as shock absorbers, allowing your spine to flex, bend, and twist while reducing stress on the bones. Each disc has a tough outer layer (annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like inner core (nucleus pulposus). Over time, wear and tear, injury, or degeneration can damage these discs-leading to pain, reduced mobility, and nerve compression.
How Artificial Discs Restore Natural Motion
Artificial discs are designed with two metal endplates and a central core made of plastic or elastomer. This core acts like a cushion, allowing controlled motion in multiple directions-flexion, extension, rotation, and side bending. The articulating surfaces between components mimic the natural disc movement, enabling spinal flexibility while maintaining stability and reducing stress on surrounding segments.
Conditions Treated with Artificial Disc Replacement
Artificial Disc Replacement is primarily used to treat:
- Cervical Disc Degeneration: Causing neck pain, radiating arm pain, or weakness.
- Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Leading to lower back pain, sciatica, or limited mobility.
- Disc Herniation with Nerve Compression: When non-surgical treatments no longer provide relief.
Ideal candidates typically have single-level disc disease and good bone quality.
Benefits Over Spinal Fusion
One of the major advantages of artificial disc replacement is the ability to maintain range of motion in the spine. Other key benefits include:
- Lower risk of developing issues in nearby spinal segments
- Shorter hospital stays in many cases
- Quicker return to daily activities
- Improved patient satisfaction rates in research studies1
Your condition will be evaluated using advanced imaging and diagnostic testing to determine whether artificial disc replacement is appropriate for your specific needs.
What to Expect from the Procedure
Artificial disc replacement is typically performed using minimally invasive techniques under general anesthesia. The damaged disc is removed, and the artificial disc is placed between the vertebrae. Most patients are up and walking within 24 hours and can return to light activity within a few weeks. Full recovery usually occurs within 6 to 12 weeks, depending on the complexity and location of the surgery.
Is Artificial Disc Replacement Right for You?
Artificial disc replacement offers a motion-preserving option for eligible patients struggling with cervical or lumbar spine conditions. If you’ve been exploring alternatives to fusion or haven’t found relief through conservative care, artificial disc replacement might be a solution worth considering.
Consulting with an experienced spine surgeon can provide clarity and help you move forward with confidence. To learn more or schedule a personalized evaluation, contact our office today.
AUTHOR: Dr. Payam Moazzaz is a board-certified orthopedic spine surgeon in California specializing in robotic-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery.
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